Contact Theory in a SmallTown Settler-Colonial Context: The Reproduction of Laissez-Faire Racism in Indigenous-White Canadian Relations

Turtle Island from Lenape and Haudenosaunii creation stories

--- # Social construction of race <div class=headerlist style="width:80%; font-size:105%; margin:auto"> ## Ethnicity - Identification with a certain cultural, linguistic, religious, or national heritage - Focus on _inheritance_ of culture, traditions, history, and beliefs </div> <div class=headerlist style="width:80%; font-size:105%; margin:auto"> ## Ethnicity versus race - Tightly connected—distinction is fuzzy at best - Race frequently defined socially in terms of physical characteristics (despite problems with that definition) - Race tends to be defined _externally_ (at least initially) while ethnicity tends to be defined _internally_ - Racial boundaries often sharper, more difficult to cross </div>

--- # Racial and ethnic identity <div class=gridded style="grid-template: auto min-content auto / 1.3fr 1fr"> <img src="img/puerto-rican-day-parade.webp" style="grid-area:2/1/3/2; width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover"> <div class=leftframe style="grid-area:2/2/3/3"> - **_Race_**, **_ethnicity_**, and **_nationality_** are important aspects of many people’s identities - Define ties to a community, sets of traditions, and shared culture and past - True for racial categories, despite their oppressive origins and social ascription - Complex relationship between internal culture and external hierarchies </div> </div>

# Physical violence: Although laws may not differentiate along racial or ethnic lines, rates of violence and enforcement of laws do # Everyday perceptions ⦙ Informal interactions display marked discrimination in treatment and expectations ⦙ Racial steering and social expectations E.g. representation of Black Americans and expectations of Criminal activity ⦙ “Status characteristics” Informal expectations of leadership Internalized racial stereotypes ⦙ Socialization and self- perception # Privilege ⦙ Any socially enforced power relation has winners and losers ⦙ Dominant groups usually seen as “normal” baseline ⦙ Dominated experience seen as abnormal or exceptional Marginalization of oppressed communities’ experience ⦙ Intersects with other power structures, not always aligned Wealth, class, education, … ⦙ ‘Privilege’ refers to de facto benefit of being a member of a dominant racial or ethnic category Trust versus distrust High versus low expectations Benefit of the doubt versus suspicion

Open the article! Discuss the structure! Then ask about methods when we get there and question when we get there Two major the