SOCI 210: Sociological perspectives

Agenda

Family &
family change

  1. Family and marriage
  2. Demography of family
  3. Developmental idealism

Family & marriage

Angtique sepia photograph of a wealthy extended Japanese family

Family & marriage

What is "a" family?

  • Unit of economic activity
    Pooled economic resources
    Inheritance of property
    Domain for unpaid labor
  • Unit of emotional/social support
    Dependable support network
    Advice and norm-checking
  • Unit of human reproduction
  • Unit of romantic/sexual involement
    Romantic love
    Sexual partnership
  • Unit of socialization/customs
Photo of a Venezuelan family celebrating a birthday in the 1960s Portrait of a Inupiat family Photo of a Black family, apparently from the North American 'frontier' Image of the fictional Addams family Formal protrait of a wealthy white family from the early 20th century

Family & marriage

Marriage

  • Formal relationship between two or more people
  • Viewed as having intention of permanence
  • Institutionally recognized
    Religion, government, community, …
  • Sex, child rearing, love, economic union, …
  • Neither a strict criterion for nor result of family formation
  • Frameworks exist to reconcile marriage and family
    I.e. “common-law” marriage

Family & marriage

Diversity of family forms

  • Monogamy vs. polygamy vs. polyamory …
  • Single-parent vs. two-parent
  • Biological vs chosen
  • "Nuclear" vs. extended
  • Married vs unmarried
  • Same-gender vs. different-gender

Demography of family

Family is a central concern within the study of demography

  • Family forms affect patterns of fertility and migration
  • Norms and culture deeply influenced by family
  • Legal, economic, and other social factors both influence and are influenced by family

Some descriptive data…

Demography of family

Demography of family

Develop­mental idealism

Developmental paradigm

Thornton, Arland. 2001. “The Developmental Paradigm, Reading History Sideways, and Family Change.” Demography 38 (4): 449–65.

Developmental paradigm

Societal development

  • Paradigm:
    Basic model used to make sense of a wide range of situations.
  • Understanding societies as progressing along set, developmental “path.”
  • Biological metaphor.
 

Reading history sideways

Two assumptions

  1. Societies progress along a developmental path.
    (Developmental paradigm)
  2. Northwest European society is the most
    advanced along this developmental path.
    (Compared to other cultures)

Societies ordered by perceived similarity to northwest Europe

Reading history sideways

Reading history sideways

Reading history sideways

Reading history sideways

In short, most of the so-called “great family transition” that previous generations of scholars believed had occurred in northwest Europe before the early 1800s could not be documented in the European archives. In fact, the evidence suggested that much of this transition was simply a myth—the myth of the extended household, young and universal marriage, arranged marriage, and no affection before marriage.

Thornton (2001: 453)

Reading history sideways

This conclusion also suggests that ideas need not be true to be powerful for both scholars and ordinary people. In addition, the most influential ideas in both scholarship and everyday life are often those we think about the least. This suggests that it would be very useful for us, as social scientists, to be more introspective about our unstated beliefs and their influence on our conclusions.

Thornton (2001: 460)

Used these concepts to write book “Reading history sideways” in 2007 Demography but also Comparative historical sociology Question: Does anyone want to sum up the main points of the piece for us?